论文标题

通过研究Navier-Stokes方程中非线性能量转移的研究来理解开发湍流

Understanding developing turbulence by a study of the nonlinear energy transfer in the Navier-Stokes equation

论文作者

Buchhave, Preben, Velte, Clara Marika

论文摘要

在目前的工作中,我们研究了一个数值一维求解器,以保留所有术语,包括压力和耗散。提出并讨论了说明非线性术语作用的简单示例的解决方案。计算将整个4D流作为起点,并连续投射在固定坐标系中固定的欧拉点上作用在流体上的力,直到瞬时速度的方向上。通过建模包括压力。遵守一般时间必须将时间视为独立变量的要求,研究速度波动的时间记录和功率谱的时间发展。发现Navier-Stokes方程中非线性术语的作用通过在时间迹线中产生尖锐的脉冲来表现出来,在时间迹线中,清晰度由有限的粘度界定。在光谱域中,脉冲中的尖锐梯度以高频产生能量贡献,在整个惯性范围内产生$ -2 $的斜率。通过一个简单的示例来解释$ -2 $(或$ -6/3 $)的坡度,并且可以从全流场的压力波动中回收惯性范围内的经典预期$ -5/3 $斜率,这可以被视为在所考虑的点上被视为噪声贡献。我们还观察到,随着粘度接近零极限,频谱原则上可以继续扩散到较高的频率或无上限的波数。

In the present work, we investigate a numerical one-dimensional solver to the Navier-Stokes equation that retains all terms, including both pressure and dissipation. Solutions to simple examples that illustrate the actions of the nonlinear term are presented and discussed. The calculations take the full 4D flow as its starting point and continuously projects the forces acting on the fluid at a fixed Eulerian point in a stationary coordinate system onto the direction of the instantaneous velocity. Pressure is included through modeling. Adhering to the requirement that time must in general be considered an independent variable, the time development of the time records and power spectra of the velocity fluctuations are studied. It is found that the actions of the nonlinear term in the Navier-Stokes equation manifests itself by generating sharp pulses in the time traces, where the sharpness is bounded by the finite viscosity. In the spectral domain, the sharp gradients in the pulses generate energy contributions at high frequencies that yields a $-2$ slope across the inertial range. The $-2$ (or $-6/3$) slope is explained through a simple example and the classically expected $-5/3$ slope in the inertial range can be recovered from the pressure fluctuations from the full flow field that can be considered a noise contribution at the point considered. We also observe that the spectrum can in principle keep spreading to higher frequencies or wavenumbers without upper bound, as the viscosity is approaching the zero limit.

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