论文标题
手术操作以折叠地图,以将连接的单数集组件增加两个
Surgery operations to fold maps to increase connected components of singular sets by two
论文作者
论文摘要
在几何形状中,以建设性的方式理解多种流形的拓扑结构和可区分结构是基本和重要的。通常,这是困难的,尤其是对于更高的歧管。 作者对此感兴趣,并试图通过构造明确的折叠地图来理解多种多样:当地的可区分地图以摩尔斯式功能的产品地图和开放球上的身份图表示。通过观察(Thom和Whitney的开创性研究)以及对Kobayashi,Saeki,Sakuma,Sakuma等的最新研究,折叠图一直是基本的,可用于研究歧管的奇异点和预示。在这里,很难在显式歧管上构建明确的折叠图。 作者建造了几个明确的折叠地图家庭,并调查了承认地图的歧管。主要基本方法是手术操作(起泡操作),作者最近引入了由Kobayashi和Saeki的研究激励的,例如用于变形的通用可区分地图的操作,这些图的编织物是负面的,该地图是负面的,该平面是保留1996年歧管的可区分结构的平面,等等。我们删除了一个(沉浸式的)子手术的邻域,该域由目标空间中的常规值组成,附加新地图并获得新的折叠地图,以使得组合的连接组件的数量增加,包括单数点的增加。在本文中,我们调查了数字增加两个并获得新类型的情况。
In geometry, understanding the topologies and the differentiable structures of manifolds in constructive ways is fundamental and important. It is in general difficult, especially for higher dimensional manifolds. The author is interested in this and trying to understand manifolds via construction of explicit fold maps: differentiable maps locally represented as product maps of Morse functions and identity maps on open balls. Fold maps have been fundamental and useful in investigating the manifolds by observing (the sets of) singular points and values and preimages as Thom and Whitney's pioneering studies and recent studies of Kobayashi, Saeki, Sakuma, and so on, show. Here, construction of explicit fold maps on explicit manifolds is difficult. The author constructed several explicit families of fold maps and investigated the manifolds admitting the maps. Main fundamental methods are surgery operations (bubbling operations), the author recently introduced motivated by Kobayashi and Saeki's studies such as operations to deform generic differentiable maps whose codimensions are negative into the plane preserving the differentiable structure of the manifold in 1996 and so on. We remove a neighborhood of a (an immersed) submanifold consisting of regular values in the target space, attach a new map and obtain a new fold map such that the number of connected components of the set consisting of singular points increases. In this paper, we investigate cases where the numbers increase by two and obtain cases of a new type.