论文标题
拓扑相变为拓扑和界限的拓扑相变
Topological Phase Transitions Induced by Varying Topology and Boundaries in the Toric Code
论文作者
论文摘要
物质拓扑阶段的重要特征之一是它们定义的基础歧管的拓扑。在本文中，我们通过研究由于边界条件的变化而引起的相变，我们介绍了物质对基础拓扑的敏感性。我们声称这些相变伴随着激发空间中的对称性损坏，并获得进一步的洞察力，我们分析了各种特征，例如基态退化，拓扑纠缠熵，同时引入了开放环运算符，其期望值有效地捕获了相变。此外，我们通过定义有效的倒塌操作员将分析扩展到开放量子设置，该动力学将系统冷却到不同拓扑排序的稳态。我们表明，这种稳态之间的相变有效地由开环操作员的期望值捕获。
One of the important characteristics of topological phases of matter is the topology of the underlying manifold on which they are defined. In this paper, we present the sensitivity of such phases of matter to the underlying topology, by studying the phase transitions induced due to the change in the boundary conditions. We claim that these phase transitions are accompanied by broken symmetries in the excitation space and to gain further insight we analyze various signatures like the ground state degeneracy, topological entanglement entropy while introducing the open-loop operator whose expectation value effectively captures the phase transition. Further, we extend the analysis to an open quantum setup by defining effective collapse operators, the dynamics of which cool the system to different topologically ordered steady states. We show that the phase transition between such steady states is effectively captured by the expectation value of the open-loop operator.
