论文标题
关于标准遗传密码的起源，作为益生元单基本对代码的融合
On the origin of the standard genetic code as a fusion of prebiotic single-base-pair codes
论文作者
论文摘要
架子遗传密码的起源被认为是两个Au和GC代码分布在两个主要和两个隐性域中的融合的结果。这些代码的融合用简单的经验规则描述。这种形式的方法解释了蛋白质氨基酸的数量和由此产生的标准遗传密码中的密码子分配。它显示了融合后，北龙甲酸，吡咯氨氨酸，硒代半胱氨酸和另外两个未知氨基酸是如何消失的。描述了这两个缺失的氨基酸的特性。解释了在线粒体中观察到的模棱两可的翻译。代码的内部结构允许对益生元时间的分子进化进行更详细的见解。特别是，提出了最古老的单基对代码的结构。融合概念揭示了DNA机械在单个主导AU代码级别上的外观。标准遗传密码出现之前的时间分为四个时期：前DNA，2代码，融合前和融合后时期。益生元单基本对代码可能有助于设计基于肽的新型催化剂。
The genesis of the stand genetic code is considered as a result of a fusion of two AU- and GC-codes distributed in two dominant and two recessive domains. The fusion of these codes is described with simple empirical rules. This formal approach explains the number of the proteinogenic amino acids and the codon assignment in the resulting standard genetic code. It shows how norleucine, pyrrolysine, selenocysteine and two other unknown amino acids, included into the prebiotic codes, disappeared after the fusion. The properties of these two missing amino acids were described. The ambiguous translation observed in mitochondria is explained. The internal structure of the codes allows a more detailed insights into molecular evolution in prebiotic time. In particular, the structure of the oldest single base-pair code is presented. The fusion concept reveals the appearance of the DNA machinery on the level of the single dominant AU-code. The time before the appearance of standard genetic code is divided into four epochs: pre-DNA, 2-code, pre-fusion, and after-fusion epochs. The prebiotic single-base-pair codes may help design novel peptide-based catalysts.
