论文标题
使用机会约束编程优化儿科疫苗的分销网络配置
Optimization of Distribution Network Configuration for Pediatric Vaccines using Chance Constraint Programming
论文作者
论文摘要
由于冷供应链中效率低下，疫苗的供应率较低，因此数百万年轻人在低收入和中等收入（LMI）国家中没有免疫接种。我们创建供应链网络设计和分销模型，以应对LMI国家 /地区疫苗供应链面临的独特特征和挑战。这些模型捕获了对疫苗接种需求的不确定性以及对免疫的影响，疫苗给药的独特挑战（例如开放瓶浪费），疫苗和免疫的技术改进之间的相互作用以及免疫覆盖率和可用资源之间的权衡。目的是最大化完全免疫儿童的百分比和诊所中的疫苗可用性。我们的研究研究了这两个指标如何受三个因素的影响：供应链中的层数，疫苗小瓶大小和新的疫苗技术。我们使用尼日尔扩大的免疫计划测试了该模型，该计划由世界卫生组织赞助。我们提出了许多观察和建议，以帮助LMI国家增加其免疫承保范围。
Millions of young people are not immunized in low- and middle-income (LMI) countries because of low vaccine availability resulting from inefficiencies in cold supply chains. We create supply chain network design and distribution models to address the unique characteristics and challenges facing vaccine supply chains in LMI countries. The models capture the uncertainties of demand for vaccinations and the resulting impacts on immunization, the unique challenges of vaccine administration (such as open vial wastage), the interactions between technological improvements of vaccines and immunizations, and the trade-offs between immunization coverage rates and available resources. The objective is to maximize both the percentage of fully immunized children and the vaccine availability in clinics. Our research examines how these two metrics are affected by three factors: number of tiers in the supply chain, vaccine vial size, and new vaccine technologies. We tested the model using Niger's Expanded Program on Immunization, which is sponsored by the World Health Organization. We make many observations and recommendations to help LMI countries increase their immunization coverage.
