论文标题
不确定性促进神经化学主义：一项关于神经影像数据的民间心理因果推断的行为在线研究
Uncertainty promotes neuroreductionism: A behavioral online study on folk psychological causal inference from neuroimaging data
论文作者
论文摘要
介绍。神经科学的努力增加，试图将精神障碍视为脑部疾病。在本研究中，我们调查了受过良好教育的人群中神经化学主义者的倾向是如何普遍的。特别是，我们阐明了在公众中对精神障碍的隐式预设知之甚少，这是由身体完整性烦躁不安（BID）的例子说明的，这在ICD-11中首次被认为是一种精神障碍。 方法。在三种情况下显示了关于因果关系的三种背景，显示了相同图形的，模拟的数据。 738受过高度教育的外行评定的因果关系归因于大脑到思想以及从大脑到大脑的合理性，以与大脑结构特性与心理现象之间的相关性。我们将参与者的因果关系的合理性评级与普遍感知到的脑部作用行为（失语症），行为诱发的训练效应（钢琴演奏）和新描述的精神障碍（BID）的背景。 结果。这些发现揭示了在失语症和钢琴弹奏的上下文中对因果关系归因的预期调制。此外，我们观察到与竞标相比，比起对副主席，更容易归因于大脑的因果推断的重要趋势。 结论。在某些情况下，在这里以失语症和钢琴弹奏为例，单向因果关系归因可能是合理的。但是，关于出价，我们批判性地讨论了因果不确定性下的神经化主义倾向。最后，我们强调需要在精神病学中采用无预设方法。
Introduction. Increased efforts in neuroscience try to understand mental disorders as brain disorders. In the present study we investigate how common a neuroreductionist inclination is among highly educated people. In particular, we shed light on implicit presuppositions of mental disorders little is known about in the public, exemplified here by the case of Body Integrity Dysphoria (BID) that is considered a mental disorder for the first time in ICD-11. Methods. Identically graphed, simulated data of mind-brain correlations were shown in three contexts with presumably different presumptions about causality. 738 highly-educated laymen rated plausibility of causality attribution from brain to mind and from mind to brain for correlations between brain structural properties and mental phenomena. We contrasted participants' plausibility ratings of causality in the contexts of commonly perceived brain-lesion induced behavior (aphasia), behavior-induced training effects (piano playing), and a newly described mental disorder (BID). Results. The findings reveal the expected context-dependent modulation of causality attributions in the contexts of aphasia and piano playing. Furthermore, we observed a significant tendency to more readily attribute causal inference from brain to mind than vice versa with respect to BID. Conclusion. In some contexts, exemplified here by aphasia and piano playing, unidirectional causality attributions may be justified. However, with respect to BID, we critically discuss presumably unjustified neuroreductionist inclinations under causal uncertainty. Finally, we emphasize the need for a presupposition-free approach in psychiatry.
