论文标题
在贝尔不平等的实验测试中解决漏洞
Tackling Loopholes in Experimental Tests of Bell's Inequality
论文作者
论文摘要
贝尔的不平等设定了一个严格的阈值，即如果每个测量的结果与在任意遥远的位置进行的行动无关，则可以在两个或多个粒子上的测量结果强烈相关。另一方面，量子力学预测，纠缠状态中粒子上的测量可能比贝尔的不平等允许的更密切。尽管在过去半个世纪中进行的实验测试始终衡量了对贝尔的不平等现象的违规行为 - 与量子力学的预测一致，但通过某些量子理论的某些替代方法可以与实验结果保持一致。本章回顾了三个最重要的漏洞，通常被称为“地方”，“公平采样”和“选择自由”漏洞，并描述了最近的实验如何解决它们。
Bell's inequality sets a strict threshold for how strongly correlated the outcomes of measurements on two or more particles can be, if the outcomes of each measurement are independent of actions undertaken at arbitrarily distant locations. Quantum mechanics, on the other hand, predicts that measurements on particles in entangled states can be more strongly correlated than Bell's inequality would allow. Whereas experimental tests conducted over the past half-century have consistently measured violations of Bell's inequality---consistent with the predictions of quantum mechanics---the experiments have been subject to one or more "loopholes," by means of which certain alternatives to quantum theory could remain consistent with the experimental results. This chapter reviews three of the most significant loopholes, often dubbed the "locality," "fair-sampling," and "freedom-of-choice" loopholes, and describes how recent experiments have addressed them.
