论文标题
人造仪场中超电玻色子的动力学：角动量，碎片和熵的方差
Dynamics of Ultracold Bosons in Artificial Gauge Fields: Angular Momentum, Fragmentation, and the Variance of Entropy
论文作者
论文摘要
我们考虑通过突然在人造仪表场上突然开关触发的二维相互作用的超低玻色子的动力学。该系统以谐波陷阱电位的基础状态初始化。作为应用人工量规的强度的函数，我们通过监测角动量，碎片以及吸收或单拍图像的熵的熵和方差来分析新兴动力学。我们使用可区分难以区分的粒子（MCTDH-X）的多配置时间依赖性的Hartree方法解决了基本的时间依赖性的多个波索丁方程。我们发现人造量规场植入了系统中的角动量。碎片化 - 降低的一体密度基质的多个宏观特征值 - 与角动量的动力学同步出现：多体态中的玻色子发展出非平凡的相关性。在实验上难以评估碎裂和角动量；在这里，我们证明了它们可以通过统计分析单光图像的图像熵的方差来探测它们，这些图像熵是超电原子系统状态的标准投影测量。
We consider the dynamics of two-dimensional interacting ultracold bosons triggered by suddenly switching on an artificial gauge field. The system is initialized in the ground state of a harmonic trapping potential. As a function of the strength of the applied artificial gauge, we analyze the emergent dynamics by monitoring the angular momentum, the fragmentation as well the entropy and variance of the entropy of absorption or single-shot images. We solve the underlying time-dependent many-boson Schrödinger equation using the multiconfigurational time-dependent Hartree method for indistinguishable particles (MCTDH-X). We find that the artificial gauge field implants angular momentum in the system. Fragmentation -- multiple macroscopic eigenvalues of the reduced one-body density matrix -- emerges in sync with the dynamics of angular momentum: the bosons in the many-body state develop non-trivial correlations. Fragmentation and angular momentum are experimentally difficult to assess; here, we demonstrate that they can be probed by statistically analyzing the variance of the image entropy of single-shot images that are the standard projective measurement of the state of ultracold atomic systems.
