论文标题

部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测

Distributional loss for convolutional neural network regression and application to GNSS multi-path estimation

论文作者

Gonzalez, Thomas, Blais, Antoine, Couëllan, Nicolas, Ruiz, Christian

论文摘要

卷积神经网络(CNN)已被广泛用于图像分类。多年来,它们也从各种增强功能中受益,现在它们被视为图像之类的图像技术的状态。但是,当它们用于回归以从图像中估算一些功能值时,可用的建议更少。在这项研究中,提出了一种新型的CNN回归模型。它结合了卷积神经层,从图像中提取具有软标签技术的高水平特征表示。更具体地说,由于深度回归任务具有挑战性,因此想法是在目标中被视为围绕其平均值的分布的某些不确定性。估计是由模型以分布形式进行的。从早期的工作中构建,在训练过程中应用了基于Kullback-Leibler(KL)差异的特定直方损耗函数。该模型利用了CNN特征表示,并能够从多通道输入图像进行估计。为了评估和说明该技术,该模型应用于全局导航卫星系统(GNSS)多路径估计,其中必须从I和Q通道中的相关输出图像中估算多路径信号参数。从卫星信号的合成生成数据集估算了多路径信号延迟,大小,多普勒偏移频率和相位参数。实验是在各种接收条件和各种输入图像分辨率下进行的,以测试估计性能质量和鲁棒性。结果表明,在所有条件下,使用分布损失的软标记CNN技术都优于经典CNN回归。此外,该模型实现的额外学习表现允许将输入图像分辨率从80x80降低到40x40或有时20x20。

Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) have been widely used in image classification. Over the years, they have also benefited from various enhancements and they are now considered as state of the art techniques for image like data. However, when they are used for regression to estimate some function value from images, fewer recommendations are available. In this study, a novel CNN regression model is proposed. It combines convolutional neural layers to extract high level features representations from images with a soft labelling technique. More specifically, as the deep regression task is challenging, the idea is to account for some uncertainty in the targets that are seen as distributions around their mean. The estimations are carried out by the model in the form of distributions. Building from earlier work, a specific histogram loss function based on the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence is applied during training. The model takes advantage of the CNN feature representation and is able to carry out estimation from multi-channel input images. To assess and illustrate the technique, the model is applied to Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) multi-path estimation where multi-path signal parameters have to be estimated from correlator output images from the I and Q channels. The multi-path signal delay, magnitude, Doppler shift frequency and phase parameters are estimated from synthetically generated datasets of satellite signals. Experiments are conducted under various receiving conditions and various input images resolutions to test the estimation performances quality and robustness. The results show that the proposed soft labelling CNN technique using distributional loss outperforms classical CNN regression under all conditions. Furthermore, the extra learning performance achieved by the model allows the reduction of input image resolution from 80x80 down to 40x40 or sometimes 20x20.

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