论文标题
离域和动态催化随机性和信息流
Delocalized and Dynamical Catalytic Randomness and Information Flow
论文作者
论文摘要
我们将催化量子随机性的理论推广到离域和动态设置。首先,我们通过计算可从相关或动态的随机性源中催化提取的熵量来扩展随机性的资源理论(RTR)。在此过程中,我们表明,当一个人无法在不改变其状态的情况下对随机性源实施局部投影测量时,无法催化提取熵。 RTR作为“凹入”资源理论的原型,是辅助资源理论的补充,其中删除资源所需的随机性是一种资源度量。作为一个应用程序,我们证明,量子操作在不使用随机性的情况下不能隐藏在两方之间的相关性中,这是无隐藏定理的动态概括。其次,我们研究信息流的物理特性。诸如“信息是物理”或“从BIT”之类的普遍报价提出了可以朝着明确方向传播的信息图片,同时在其出发区域留下可检测到的痕迹。为了检查这张图片的有效性,我们将重点放在随机性模型的催化信息中,以杰出的来源和受体。我们表明,经典信息总是可以从其来源传播而不改变其源或周围环境(例如非物质实体),而量子信息则不能。我们建议一种对语义量子信息进行形式定义的方法,并声称使用语义信息等同于使用部分耗尽的信息源。通过这样做,我们统一了语义和非语义量子信息的利用,并得出结论,人们始终可以从不完全耗尽的经典随机性来源中提取更多信息,但是对于量子随机性来源不可能。
We generalize the theory of catalytic quantum randomness to delocalized and dynamical settings. First, we expand the resource theory of randomness (RTR) by calculating the amount of entropy catalytically extractable from a correlated or dynamical randomness source. In doing so, we show that no entropy can be catalytically extracted when one cannot implement local projective measurement on randomness source without altering its state. The RTR, as an archetype of the `concave' resource theory, is complementary to the convex resource theories in which the amount of randomness required to erase the resource is a resource measure. As an application, we prove that quantum operation cannot be hidden in correlation between two parties without using randomness, which is the dynamical generalization of the no-hiding theorem. Second, we study the physical properties of information flow. Popularized quotes like "information is physical" or "it from bit" suggest the matter-like picture of information that can travel with the definite direction while leaving detectable traces on its region of departure. To examine the validity of this picture, we focus on that catalysis of randomness models directional flow of information with the distinguished source and recipient. We show that classical information can always spread from its source without altering its source or its surrounding context, like an immaterial entity, while quantum information cannot. We suggest an approach to formal definition of semantic quantum information and claim that utilizing semantic information is equivalent to using a partially depleted information source. By doing so, we unify the utilization of semantic and non-semantic quantum information and conclude that one can always extract more information from an incompletely depleted classical randomness source, but it is not possible for quantum randomness sources.