论文标题
边境创业中的性别差距？ 1901年俄克拉荷马州土地彩票获奖者的证据
Gender gaps in frontier entrepreneurship? Evidence from 1901 Oklahoma land lottery winners
论文作者
论文摘要
该论文通过在20 $^{\ text {th}} $ Century的时候在俄克拉荷马州利用大规模的土地彩票来调查企业家精神的性别差异。彩票获奖者声称按照其名称的顺序宣称土地，因此抽奖数字是彩票财富的大约排名顺序。该机制允许估计剂量反应函数，该函数将每个绘制的数字与每个抽奖下的预期结果相关联。我估计剂量反应在彩票获奖者和土地专利记录的链接数据集上的功能，并发现从政府购买土地的可能性随着彩票财富的函数而减少，这证明了存在流动性限制的证据。我发现，女性获奖者在利用彩票财富来购买额外土地方面更有效，与男性获奖者相比，中位剂量回答显着更高。对于与1910年人口普查相关的获奖者样本，我发现与女性获奖者相比，在农场或房屋所有权方面，男性获奖者的剂量回答中位数更高。这些结果表明，流动性限制可能对市场经济中的女性企业家更具约束力。
The paper investigates gender differences in entrepreneurship by exploiting a large-scale land lottery in Oklahoma at the turn of the 20$^{\text{th}}$ century. Lottery winners claimed land in the order in which their names were drawn, so the draw number is an approximate rank ordering of lottery wealth. This mechanism allows for the estimation of a dose-response function, which relates each draw number to the expected outcome under each draw. I estimate dose-response functions on a linked dataset of lottery winners and land patent records, and find the probability of purchasing land from the government to be decreasing as a function of lottery wealth, which is evidence for the presence of liquidity constraints. I find female winners were more effective in leveraging lottery wealth to purchase additional land, as evidenced by significantly higher median dose-responses compared to those of male winners. For a sample of winners linked to the 1910 Census, I find that male winners have higher median dose-responses compared to female winners in terms of farm or home ownership. These results suggest that liquidity constraints may have been more binding for female entrepreneurs in the market economy.
