论文标题
量子遗忘的新框架
A New Framework for Quantum Oblivious Transfer
论文作者
论文摘要
我们提出了一个新的模板，用于从我们称为“固定基础”框架的量子信息中构建遗忘转移。我们的框架与先前的工作（例如，Crepeau和Kilian，focs '88）不同，除了某些隐藏的陷阱量子位，这些陷阱量子是在共轭基础上有意测量的。我们在量子随机甲骨文模型（QROM）中实例化此模板，以获取实现的简单协议，并具有针对恶意对手的安全性： 1。在当事方共享EPR配对的模型中的非相互作用随机输入位。 2。两轮随机输入位ot没有设置，即使（可能是恶意的）OT接收器设置了EPR对，也可以证明上面的协议仍然安全。 3。来自BB84状态的三轮选输入字符串ot无纠缠或设置。这改善了CK88模板的自然变化，至少需要五轮。 一路上，我们开发了可能具有独立关注的技术工具。我们证明，诸如XOR之类的自然功能可以从熵的某些量子源中提取无种子的随机性。我们还使用理想化的（即可提取和模棱两可的）位承诺，通过证明QROM中简单有效的构造的安全性来获得。
We present a new template for building oblivious transfer from quantum information that we call the "fixed basis" framework. Our framework departs from prior work (eg., Crepeau and Kilian, FOCS '88) by fixing the correct choice of measurement basis used by each player, except for some hidden trap qubits that are intentionally measured in a conjugate basis. We instantiate this template in the quantum random oracle model (QROM) to obtain simple protocols that implement, with security against malicious adversaries: 1. Non-interactive random-input bit OT in a model where parties share EPR pairs a priori. 2. Two-round random-input bit OT without setup, obtained by showing that the protocol above remains secure even if the (potentially malicious) OT receiver sets up the EPR pairs. 3. Three-round chosen-input string OT from BB84 states without entanglement or setup. This improves upon natural variations of the CK88 template that require at least five rounds. Along the way, we develop technical tools that may be of independent interest. We prove that natural functions like XOR enable seedless randomness extraction from certain quantum sources of entropy. We also use idealized (i.e. extractable and equivocal) bit commitments, which we obtain by proving security of simple and efficient constructions in the QROM.
