论文标题
封闭前庭引起的更快,更安全的撤离
Faster and safer evacuations induced by closed vestibules
论文作者
论文摘要
改善紧急撤离是人类安全和行人动态方面的重中之重。在本文中,我们使用社会力量模型,以优化高焦虑的行人撤离。我们探索两个建筑布局,1门的前庭和2门。 “前庭”定义为出口门旁边的房间,其特征是两个结构性参数:前庭宽度($ d $)和前庭门宽度($ W $)。我们发现,与No-Vestibule方案相比,$ d $和$ W $的特定值几乎可以使疏散流量增加一倍。这项成就的关键是密度(靠近出口门)可以由$ d $和$ w $控制。因此,可以将这些参数调整为最大化可用空间的密度,同时防止在出口门上形成阻止簇的形成($ρ\ sim 2.5 \,$ p/m $ $^2 $)。与最佳条件相反,由于剩下未使用的空间,因此低密度值($ρ\ sim 1 \,$ p/m $^2 $)导致次优流。较高的密度值($ρ\ sim 4 \,$ p/m $^2 $)也导致由于出口处存在阻止簇而导致次优流。此外,我们考虑到通常可以预见的事实,即出口实际上可以达到高压力,从而威胁行人的健康。因此,我们使用代理的重叠来研究人群压力。我们发现,与无污点情况相比,探索的前庭降低了人群的压力。特别是,我们表明,2门的前庭场景的性能要比1门的前庭表现更好,因为它降低了整体局部密度(通过执行人群扩散更多)。
Improving emergency evacuations is a top priority in human safety and in pedestrian dynamics. In this paper, we use the social force model, in order to optimize high-anxiety pedestrian evacuations. We explore two architectural layouts, the 1-door vestibule, and the 2-doors vestibule. The "vestibule" is defined as the room next to the exit door and it is characterized by two structural parameters: the vestibule width ($d$) and the vestibule door width ($w$). We found that, specific values of $d$ and $w$, can almost double the evacuation flow compared to the no-vestibule scenario. The key to this achievement is that the density (close to the exit door) can be controlled by $d$ and $w$. Therefore, it is possible to tune these parameters to a density that maximizes the available space while preventing the formation of blocking clusters at the exit door ($ρ\sim 2.5\,$p/m$^2$). As opposed to the optimal condition, low-density values ($ρ\sim 1\,$p/m$^2$) lead to suboptimal flow since there is unused space left; while higher density values ($ρ\sim 4\,$p/m$^2$) also lead to suboptimal flow due to the presence of blocking clusters at the exit. Moreover, we take into account the usually foreseen fact that high pressures can actually be reached at the exit, threatening the health of pedestrians. Therefore, we studied the crowd pressure using the agents' overlap as an indicative. We found that the explored vestibules reduce the crowd pressure compared to the no-vestibule situation. In particular, we show that the 2-doors vestibule scenario performs better than the 1-door vestibule, because it reduces the overall local density (by enforcing the crowd to spread out more).