论文标题

Bifrost:使用层次四阶前向符号集成符代码模拟恒星簇中的紧凑子系统

BIFROST: simulating compact subsystems in star clusters using a hierarchical fourth-order forward symplectic integrator code

论文作者

Rantala, Antti, Naab, Thorsten, Rizzuto, Francesco Paolo, Mannerkoski, Matias, Partmann, Christian, Lautenschütz, Kristina

论文摘要

我们提出Bifrost,这是GPU加速层次的四阶前向符号积分器代码霜的扩展版本。 Bifrost(Frost中的二进制文件)可以通过使用二元组,三个三元组,多个系统或四个小簇在四阶远程集成仪框架内的二进制和正则集成,从而有效地进化具有最高$ f_ \ mathrm {bin} = 100 \%$的任意二进制组分的碰撞恒星系统。 Newtonian后(PN)术语截至PN3.5的术语包含在具有可选的三体和自旋依赖性项的紧凑型子系统运动方程中。与黑洞相互作用的PN1.0术语在模拟域中到处都在任何地方计算。该代码具有多个合并标准(重力波灵感,潮汐破坏事件以及出色和紧凑的对象碰撞),并增加了相对论的后坐力踢来进行紧凑的对象合并。我们表明,对于具有$ n $颗粒的系统,代码的缩放保持不错,最高可达$ n_ \ mathrm {gpu} \ sim 40 \ times n / 10^6 $ gpus,而增加的二进制分数最高可达100%,几乎不会增加代码运行时间(小于factor $ \ sim $ \ sim $ \ sim 1.5 $)。我们还通过呈现许多最极端的恒星簇模拟,包括核心塌陷和两个中间质量黑洞的合并,并通过相对论后坐力来验证三叶线的数值准确性。

We present BIFROST, an extended version of the GPU-accelerated hierarchical fourth-order forward symplectic integrator code FROST. BIFROST (BInaries in FROST) can efficiently evolve collisional stellar systems with arbitrary binary fractions up to $f_\mathrm{bin}=100\%$ by using secular and regularised integration for binaries, triples, multiple systems or small clusters around black holes within the fourth-order forward integrator framework. Post-Newtonian (PN) terms up to order PN3.5 are included in the equations of motion of compact subsystems with optional three-body and spin-dependent terms. PN1.0 terms for interactions with black holes are computed everywhere in the simulation domain. The code has several merger criteria (gravitational-wave inspirals, tidal disruption events and stellar and compact object collisions) with the addition of relativistic recoil kicks for compact object mergers. We show that for systems with $N$ particles the scaling of the code remains good up to $N_\mathrm{GPU} \sim 40\times N / 10^6$ GPUs and that the increasing binary fractions up to 100 per cent hardly increase the code running time (less than a factor $\sim 1.5$). We also validate the numerical accuracy of BIFROST by presenting a number of star clusters simulations the most extreme ones including a core collapse and a merger of two intermediate mass black holes with a relativistic recoil kick.

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