论文标题
对于零环境温度的非平衡过程的多余热量消失
The vanishing of excess heat for nonequilibrium processes reaching zero ambient temperature
论文作者
论文摘要
我们介绍了将热力学第三定律（Nernst Heat Prestulate）扩展到非平衡过程的数学成分。中心数量是多余的热量，当动态中的参数缓慢更改时，可以测量稳定耗散功率的准固定添加。我们证明了在零环境温度下它消失的一类驱动的马尔可夫跳跃过程。此外，随着温度，非平衡热容量也为零。证明中的主要成分是热通量松弛行为的基质 - 孔定理，以及基质树定理，给出了固定概率的低温渐近性。扩展的第三定律的主要新条件要求在放松到稳定耗散结构的放松中没有主要（低温引起的）延迟。
We present the mathematical ingredients for an extension of the Third Law of Thermodynamics (Nernst heat postulate) to nonequilibrium processes. The central quantity is the excess heat which measures the quasistatic addition to the steady dissipative power when a parameter in the dynamics is changed slowly. We prove for a class of driven Markov jump processes that it vanishes at zero environment temperature. Furthermore, the nonequilibrium heat capacity goes to zero with temperature as well. Main ingredients in the proof are the matrix-forest theorem for the relaxation behavior of the heat flux, and the matrix-tree theorem giving the low-temperature asymptotics of the stationary probability. The main new condition for the extended Third Law requires the absence of major (low-temperature induced) delays in the relaxation to the steady dissipative structure.
