论文标题

部分可观测时空混沌系统的无模型预测

RePAST: A ReRAM-based PIM Accelerator for Second-order Training of DNN

论文作者

Zhao, Yilong, Jiang, Li, Gao, Mingyu, Jing, Naifeng, Gu, Chengyang, Tang, Qidong, Liu, Fangxin, Yang, Tao, Liang, Xiaoyao

论文摘要

储层计算是预测湍流的有力工具,其简单的架构具有处理大型系统的计算效率。然而,其实现通常需要完整的状态向量测量和系统非线性知识。我们使用非线性投影函数将系统测量扩展到高维空间,然后将其输入到储层中以获得预测。我们展示了这种储层计算网络在时空混沌系统上的应用,该系统模拟了湍流的若干特征。我们表明,使用径向基函数作为非线性投影器,即使只有部分观测并且不知道控制方程,也能稳健地捕捉复杂的系统非线性。最后,我们表明,当测量稀疏、不完整且带有噪声,甚至控制方程变得不准确时,我们的网络仍然可以产生相当准确的预测,从而为实际湍流系统的无模型预测铺平了道路。

The second-order training methods can converge much faster than first-order optimizers in DNN training. This is because the second-order training utilizes the inversion of the second-order information (SOI) matrix to find a more accurate descent direction and step size. However, the huge SOI matrices bring significant computational and memory overheads in the traditional architectures like GPU and CPU. On the other side, the ReRAM-based process-in-memory (PIM) technology is suitable for the second-order training because of the following three reasons: First, PIM's computation happens in memory, which reduces data movement overheads; Second, ReRAM crossbars can compute SOI's inversion in $O\left(1\right)$ time; Third, if architected properly, ReRAM crossbars can perform matrix inversion and vector-matrix multiplications which are important to the second-order training algorithms. Nevertheless, current ReRAM-based PIM techniques still face a key challenge for accelerating the second-order training. The existing ReRAM-based matrix inversion circuitry can only support 8-bit accuracy matrix inversion and the computational precision is not sufficient for the second-order training that needs at least 16-bit accurate matrix inversion. In this work, we propose a method to achieve high-precision matrix inversion based on a proven 8-bit matrix inversion (INV) circuitry and vector-matrix multiplication (VMM) circuitry. We design \archname{}, a ReRAM-based PIM accelerator architecture for the second-order training. Moreover, we propose a software mapping scheme for \archname{} to further optimize the performance by fusing VMM and INV crossbar. Experiment shows that \archname{} can achieve an average of 115.8$\times$/11.4$\times$ speedup and 41.9$\times$/12.8$\times$energy saving compared to a GPU counterpart and PipeLayer on large-scale DNNs.

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