论文标题
反射模化量子神经网络,用于增强图像分类
Reflection Equivariant Quantum Neural Networks for Enhanced Image Classification
论文作者
论文摘要
机器学习是近期量子计算机中最广泛的预期用例之一,但是,仍然存在重要的理论和实施挑战阻碍其规模的挑战。特别是,有一项新兴的工作表明,通用的,数据不可知的量子机学习(QML)架构可能会遭受严重的可训练性问题的困扰,并且典型的变异参数的梯度在Qubits数量中呈指数呈指数消失。此外,QML模型的高表达性可能导致过度拟合训练数据和不良的概括性能。打击这两种困难的有前途的策略是构建模型,这些模型明确尊重数据中所谓的几何量子机学习(GQML)固有的对称性。在这项工作中,我们利用GQML的技术来完成图像分类的任务,建立了新的QML模型,这些QML模型相对于图像的反射而言。我们发现,这些网络能够在复杂的现实世界图像数据集上始终如一地超过通用的ANSATZE,从而使高分辨率的图像分类通过量子计算机更接近现实。我们的工作突出了一种潜在的途径,可以直接开发和实施强大的QML模型,该模型直接利用数据的对称性。
Machine learning is among the most widely anticipated use cases for near-term quantum computers, however there remain significant theoretical and implementation challenges impeding its scale up. In particular, there is an emerging body of work which suggests that generic, data agnostic quantum machine learning (QML) architectures may suffer from severe trainability issues, with the gradient of typical variational parameters vanishing exponentially in the number of qubits. Additionally, the high expressibility of QML models can lead to overfitting on training data and poor generalisation performance. A promising strategy to combat both of these difficulties is to construct models which explicitly respect the symmetries inherent in their data, so-called geometric quantum machine learning (GQML). In this work, we utilise the techniques of GQML for the task of image classification, building new QML models which are equivariant with respect to reflections of the images. We find that these networks are capable of consistently and significantly outperforming generic ansatze on complicated real-world image datasets, bringing high-resolution image classification via quantum computers closer to reality. Our work highlights a potential pathway for the future development and implementation of powerful QML models which directly exploit the symmetries of data.