论文标题
太空时代的磁风暴：发生和与不同太阳活动的关系
Magnetic storms during the space age: Occurrence and relation to varying solar activity
论文作者
论文摘要
我们使用DST和DXT指数研究了太空时代（1957-2021）在太空时代（1957-2021）的发生。我们发现DXT/DST指数中的2526/2743磁性风暴，其中45％的弱弱，40％中度，12％的强度和3％的主要风暴。在太空时代，暴风雨的发生遵循黑子活性的减少缓慢以及太阳磁结构的相关变化。我们量化了太空时代五个周期中的黑子-CME风暴关系。我们解释了变化的太阳活动如何改变地球电流板（HCS）的结构，以及这如何影响HSS/CIR风暴。太空年龄始于1957 - 1960年创纪录的风暴数量，每周大约有一场风暴。太阳极性场在22周期中达到了最大值，这导致了异常薄的HC，以及1990年代大型HSS/CIR风暴的空间年龄记录。在最低周期23的最小值中，在太空时代的唯一时间，CME暴风雨的发生降低了，低于黑子的预测。由于周期23以来，黑子活性弱削弱了太阳极化场并扩大了HC，这减少了大型和中等HSS/CIR风暴的发生。由于HCS宽阔，自周期23周期以来，地球已经在慢速的太阳风中花费了50％的时间。宽大的HCS也使大型和中等的HSS/CIR风暴在最近的周期中的早期下降阶段发生，而在更活跃的周期中，它们发生在后期下降的阶段。
We study the occurrence of magnetic storms in space age (1957-2021) using Dst and Dxt indices. We find 2526/2743 magnetic storms in the Dxt/Dst index, out of which 45% are weak, 40% moderate, 12% intense and 3% major storms. Occurrence of storms in space age follows the slow decrease of sunspot activity and the related change in solar magnetic structure. We quantify the sunspot - CME storm relation in the five cycles of space age. We explain how the varying solar activity changes the structure of the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), and how this affects the HSS/CIR storms. Space age started with a record number of storms in 1957-1960, with roughly one storm per week. Solar polar fields attained their maximum in cycle 22, which led to an exceptionally thin HCS, and a space age record of large HSS/CIR storms in 1990s. In the minimum of cycle 23, for the only time in space age, CME storm occurrence reduced below that predicted by sunspots. Weak sunspot activity since cycle 23 has weakened solar polar fields and widened the HCS, which has decreased the occurrence of large and moderate HSS/CIR storms. Because of a wide HCS, the Earth has spent 50% of its time in slow solar wind since cycle 23. The wide HCS has also made large and moderate HSS/CIR storms occur in the early declining phase in recent cycles, while in the more active cycles 20-22 they occurred in the late declining phase.
